An Analysis of Mary Shellys Frankenstein Essay - 1196 Words

Mary Shelly wrote Frankenstein in a time of wonder. A main wonder was whether you could put life back into the dead. Close to the topic of bringing life back into the dead was whether you could create your own being, like selective breeding however with more power. Perhaps she chose to write this story opposing to one of a Ghost as she felt it was more relevant to her era and wanted to voice her own opinions and concerns to what the future may hold. Playing God, pinching corpses, pretention is this a morally justified thing to do? These are all traits of Victor Frankenstein. Was this morally right for a Georgian man? Would this even be right for a modern day man? What was Mary Shelley trying to say? What was the â€Å"monster† like and†¦show more content†¦Maybe her message was to be careful of what we would be able to achieve, to know where it is right to stop; and perhaps if it is right to meddle with mother nature? Like Shakespeare Mary Shelley uses the weather an awful lot to set the mood and give clues to what is about to happen. In the start of chapter 5 the first thing that she refers to is the weather (a typical brit!) and says it is â€Å"dreary† and continues to explain how the â€Å"rain pattered dismally against the pains† which immediately suggests that something damaging and ruinous is about to happen. She uses a lot of symbolism within chapter 5 and actually throughout the whole novel. She continues to say things such as â€Å"my candle was nearly burnt out† , the candle symbolising life and could therefore mean he was in bad health and about to die. Then again it could also suggest that his goodness may be going or that he is physically exhausted or in fact that all good may be wiped out as the ‘monster’ was about to be born. It is a complete contrast to the previous chapter(s) when Victor was so hooked and excited on creating the ‘monster’ that he wiped all worries from his mind. He thought that he would be a creature of beauty as he handpicked the individual features himself. But as soon as the creature is brought to life it changes and he describes it as a â€Å"catastrophe† and his eyes as â€Å"dull†. His words are very harsh and the first thing he does is run. The creation of the ‘monster’ affectedShow MoreRelatedMary Shellys Frankenstein and the Consideration of Psychological Traumas Women Face in the Lack of Control Over Their Reproductive Organs1798 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Mary Shellys Frankenstein and the Consideration of Psychological Traumas Women Face in the Lack of Control Over Their Reproductive Organs I. Objective The objective of this study is to examine Mary Shellys work Frankenstein and to consider the psychological traumas women face in the lack of control over their reproductive organs. II. Introduction Women throughout the world have experienced psychological trauma over the lack of control over their reproductive organs and whether this traumaRead MoreAnalysis of Frankenstein From Shelleys Novel to Branaghs Film563 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Frankenstein From Shelleys Novel to Branaghs Film Branaghs adaptation of Mary Shellys novel was fairly good with significant changes to Shellys text; however this was done to illuminate what he considers to be the major themes of the novel, eg the dangers of the relentless pursuit of science and Victors relationships. Victors love interest with Elizabeth in the film is much more intense compared to what is described in the novel as communication isRead MoreFrankenstein Character Analysis831 Words   |  4 Pages The novel Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley, is a gothic novel about a creature that achieves humanity through his emotional feelings and intellectual thoughts. Throughout the novel, Shelly demonstrates that the goodwill of a person dominates his or her overall disposition. The reader feels sympathy for the characters when they suffer through hardships and tragedies because of their redeeming qualities that reflect a positive light on mankind. Shelly develops the novel by portraying the charactersRead MoreSigmund Freud s Frankenstein 1299 Words   |  6 Pagesrelation of the uncanny to May Shelley’s Frankenstein, the monster that was created by the character named Victor Frankenstein was greeted with fear by the people he meets. The monster’s treatment of fear put him under the category of Sigmund Freud’s The Uncanny. we see a point of commonality where the relation of the Freudian theory and Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is implying towards to each other. This implication reveals The Uncanny and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein to fear itself as it shows the theoryRead MoreEssay on Frankenstein is Not a Natural Philosopher1238 Words   |  5 PagesSmith’s article ‘Frankenstein and natural magic’ takes a literary approach to the analysis of ‘Frankenstein’ although this is supported by some background scientific knowledge. Through the article, Smith describes the impacts science has made on Frankenstein’s life . Smith plays close attention to Frankenstein’s childhood, where he discovered the ancient philosophers, and his Ingolstadt years. It is in these periods where Smith argues that Frankenstein is not a natural philosopher but a natural magicianRead MoreSigmund Freud s Frankenstein 1361 Words   |  6 Pagesrelation of the uncanny to May Shelleyâ €™s Frankenstein, the monster that was created by the character named Victor Frankenstein who was greeted with fear by the people he meets. The monster’s treatment of fear put him under the category of Sigmund Freud’s The Uncanny. We see a point of commonality where the relation of the Freudian theory and Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is implying towards to each other. This implication reveals The Uncanny and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein how fear itself show the theory ofRead MoreThe Downfall of Victor Frankenstein1877 Words   |  8 Pages2010 The Downfall of Victor Frankenstein In many situations today, the children most common problem can be trace back to their family issue. Without a strong bond of relationship between their parents can consequently cause a destruction of children’s future. Even more, the children grow up unsteadily with aggressive behavior and the sign of depression. This has come to be a controversial issue and as well the depth of the story that is contain in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. To many misinterpretationsRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Judith Guest s Ordinary People1842 Words   |  8 PagesNia Gordon June 10th, 2015 English 10/ G Band Ms. Kaufman Don’t Leave Me This Way: The Analysis of Abandonment in Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein and Judith Guest’s Ordinary People Both Mary Shelley s Frankenstein and Judith Guest’s Ordinary People display the consistent theme of abandonment by guardians. Both protagonists, the Creature and Conrad, experience rejection from their parents and constantly try to search for love and attention in different aspects of society since they unfortunately canRead More Comparing the Duty of the Physician in Dracula, Frankenstein, and Awakenings3438 Words   |  14 Pages   Through close analysis of the respective physicians illustrated within Bram Stokers Dracula, Mary Shellys Frankenstein, and Oliver Sacks Awakenings, one is able to comment upon their respective duties. The duty of the doctor, as portrayed in these texts, can be seen to be highly varied and immensely diverse. Bram Stokers Dracula deals with the role and duty of the doctor, and with the relationship between them and their patient extensively. Stoker, from a medical family himselfRead More Science, Technology, and Morality as Perceived in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1967 Words   |  8 Pages   Ã‚   In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley challenges the motives and ethical uncertainties of the scientific developments of her time. This critique has become increasingly relevant as modern scientists endeavor into previously unimagined realms of the natural world through the use of cloning and genetic engineering. Through careful analysis, we can see how the novel illustrates both the potential dangers of these exploits and the irony of the conflicts between science and creationism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prior

Big Bank Analysis Essay - 869 Words

Big Bank Case Analysis Operations Management MGT 713 Marla Fletcher October 21, 2012 Problem A bank is opening up a new branch where the operations manager will have to make important decisions regarding teller operations. A large apart of customer service is dependent upon wait time and seamless service. The operations manager wants to be prepared and avoid wait time complaints that have transpired at other branches. Since this is a new branch, demographics will also come into play in deciding how to approach teller operations. The operations manager collects data regarding teller operations which states that â€Å"an average 80 customers are processed during the noon hour. The average processing time for customers with a single†¦show more content†¦The manager must find part time tellers who only want part time work in order to eliminate the tradeoffs. Over time, part time workers will be beneficial and have all of the necessary training needed. Shift demand is the second constraint that banks can utilize by providing various account types specific to the customers need. At Bank of America, they offer a banking account that is free if you do not come inside the branch for services. This also reduces wait time and will train the customer to use ATM and online services. Standardize the service is the third constraint in which consistency of service is very important. This constraint is going to be the most critical when dealing with teller wait times. The operations manager must understand the busy periods of their branch, such as holiday seasons, lunch breaks, social security payments, pay days close to the 1st and the 15th. Understanding these busy periods will allow for the appropriate amount of staff. Maintaining the same staff and standardizing their ability to perform consistently and with the right tools will allow for a successful teller operation. The fourth constraint is having a bottleneck. This cannot be discovered until the branch is open. Transaction time’s for each teller can be evaluated by calculating how many transactions each teller has performed each day and over how many total hours. If there are busy times and you notice a particular teller is not moving as fast as they should, theShow MoreRelatedThe Growth And Development Of The Banking Sector1280 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation center. The client’s data and information regarding the transactions get replicated in different terminals to enhance the easy transactions between the bank customers and the corporate firms. The bankers think about the customers in different perspective regarding security and providing quality services. What is Big Data? The big data refer to the collection of data and information to analyze the trends and patterns practiced by people when transacting with financial institutions. The transactionRead MoreWestpac Pestel Analysis+Recommendation740 Words   |  3 Pages1. 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Utilitarian Approach The Elements Of Moral -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Utilitarian Approach The Elements Of Moral? Answer: Introduction: The essay aims an identification of ethical dilemma of Apple that has kept it the news for the past few years. Ethical dilemma also termed as moral dilemmas refers to situations where a choice is made between two options where neither possesses the power in resolving the situation to find acceptance ethically. In February 2016, the chief executive of Apple Tim Cook took stand for a matter that called for massive public debate (Lee, 2016). However, the debate around the flagship product of Apple that is the iPhone, swayed in either side of fence. On one hand, the Apple along with its digital rights groups ensures advocating protection of digital privacy of the customers while on the other hand the Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) and US government seeks support from the company in ensuring protection to national security. Specifically the FBI and US government demanded and sought help from Apple in unlocking the iPhone of terrorist who was involved in a terror attack in San Bernar dino, California. The investigation department recovered the phone from a slain terrorist and its unlocking would provide visual insights not only into the motives of attack but ensure crucial evidences regarding terrorist activities and networks. The FBI asked Apple for building a backdoor for decoding the iPhone thereby implying a newer version of operation system software of iPhone. This meant to help the agents of FBI in getting access to information and unlocking the phone. The CEO of Apple however refused, as it questioned the companys policy in protecting digital security and privacy. The essay also highlights managerial ethics and its influences on the managerial practice of Apple. Discussion: In the year, 2015 on December 2, there was a terror attack that took place at Inland Regional Centre in San Bernardino, California that killed that injured 22 and killed 14 people (Nagourey, Lovett Perezpena, 2015). The FBI had evidence of the fact that attack was a result of extensive planning and considered it as an act of terrorism. The primary focus of the investigation centred on checking the terrorist travel, phone, computer and other records for ascertaining the motive of the attack but all went in vain, as most of the evidences were destroyed. However, the only evidence that the FBI agents could find was an iPhone. The investigators feared that an attempt in unlocking the phone would completely erase stored data. This is when FBI sought the assistance of Apple for advice on the best available investigative option without destroying the evidence. In addition, the investigative agency also wanted the company to move a step further in helping them unlock the encrypted iPhone us ed by the slain terrorist. In other words, FBI wanted the company to build a backdoor to the iPhone. The governments stance also supported FBI and passed an order that directed Apple for providing technical assistance that was reasonable. Apple however refused as they considered it as moral dilemma and against the policies of the company (Cushman, Sheketoff, Wharton Carey, 2013). Policies related to customer privacy of Apple driven by chief executive officer Tim Cook who joined the company in the year 1998 and evolved as one of the most outspoken executives of the recent times (Kane, 2015). Under his leadership, the working conditions of the factory workers and the suppliers improved that also signified the prevalence of new culture of openness in the company. Apple also undertook certain environmental initiatives criticized by the investors. Tim Cook also stressed on the importance of cultural fit that made him fire a senior team member who was not a suitable fit for the culture of the company. The company under Cook became more transparent and open. Although he was not able to create the magic of Steve Jobs, but Apple undertook continuous innovation. Apple however responded to the order of the federal court and FBI as it portrayed a breach of privacy that undermined the liberty and freedom that the government seeks to protect (Sircar, 2017). Apple considered the decision of a backdoor to iPhone as something that was too dangerous for creation (Peregrina, 2016). The CEO also stressed on the fact that the software that FBI asked it to create would possess the potential for unlocking any iPhone under the possession of anyone. Apple also mentioned that there was no guarantee provided on limiting the usage of backdoor to a particular case. Apple feared that once created the application of the technique could be for unlocking innumerable devices. Moreover, the company also believed that the creation of backdoor would defeat the very purpose of company in encryption. They believed that once the information for encrypting data got revealed it could be adopted by anyone. Tim Cook also added that the company has worked harder in keeping away customer data even from the companys reach as a part of their policy. However, the ethical dilemma company faces lies in the fact that the government asked the company to hack its users that u ndermined security advancements that company followed in protecting its customers from cybercriminals and sophisticated hackers. The same engineers responsible for building stronger encryption in iPhone for user protection ordered to weaken them and make the iPhone less safe to the users (Mylan, 2017). The management team of Apple and Cook characterized the dilemma as the problem of dirty hands that referred to the condition of making harder moral choices that involved dilemmas of right versus right faced by the management. The moral dilemmas of the management represent the clashes amongst the conflicting and different moralities amongst the different spheres of responsibilities (Bay, 2017). Ethics refers to code of principles and moral values that ensures governing the behaviour of person or group with respect to what is wrong and right (Goetsch Davis, 2014). Ethics helps in setting the standard in determining what is correct or wrong in the process of decision-making and conduct. Ethics refers to the internal values that are part of corporate culture and decisions and concerned with social responsibility in terms of the external environment. Thus, presence of ethical issue is evident in situations when the actions of the organization or person are responsible for benefiting or harming others. Though the domain does not have any specific law but there exists standards of conduct determined based on values and shared principles regarding the moral conduct that guides a company or an individual. Three major levels of ethical or moral judgement that characterizes managers. This includes immoral management, moral management and amoral management (Christen, Van Schaik, Fisc her, Huppenbauer Tanner, 2016). Immoral management refers to the lack of ethical principles and is opposes to the ethical behaviour. This perspective characterized by exclusive or principal concern for the gains of the company, emphasizing on the profits and the success if the company at any price, on the lack of concern on the fair treatment about the desires of others and willingness in cutting corners (Weiss, 2014). Moral management on the other strives in following percept and ethical principle. While the moral managers desires in succeeding they prefer doing it within the parameters of ethical standards and the ideals of justice, fairness and the due process (Egan, 2013). Thus, the moral managers look forward in pursuing business objectives that involves profit making along with engagement in ethical and legal behaviours. The amoral management approach is neither moral nor immoral and is oblivious to the any kind of ethical considerations (Greenbaum, Quade Bonner, 2015). Ther e are two types of moral management, intentional and unintentional. When managers accused of cheating, lying or stealing the blame transferred to the individual or the situation of the company. It is however, the belief of most people that individuals based on their individual integrity make ethical choices that is partly true. Business practices of ethical or unethical standards helps in reflecting attitudes, values, beliefs and the behavioural patterns of organizational culture (Moore, 2013). Thus, ethics defines more of a personal issue than an organizational issue. Managers ensure specific behavioural and personality traits to a job. The value system of the manager is determined by influence of the family, religious background and personal needs that helps in shaping the value system of the manager. The personality characteristics such as self-confidence, ego strength and a sense of independence help managers in undertaking decisions ethically. Moral development is an important personal trait of the manager (Schwartz, 2016). Most managers acts based on their interest rather than the duties towards other stakeholders and employees. In the domain representing free choice, obedience is an aspect that remains strictly to one self. Thus, domain of ethical behaviour obedience refers to the standards and unenforceable norms that the company or individual is aware. Decisions that are ethically acceptable is morally and legally acceptable to the larger community (Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz, 2014). Most companies and individuals get in trouble with the simplified view that free choices leads them to mistakenly assume that it is not illegal but ethical to not have a third domain. Therefore, good options lie in recognizing the ethics domain and accept the moral values as a powerful force that helps in regulating behaviour not only outside but also inside corporations. With the wider recognition of the social responsibility and ethics principles, companies can use the ethics code in corporate cultures for governing the behaviour thereby eliminating the need of additional laws along with avoidance of problems. Deregulation of industry lead to the increase in unethical behaviour and has removed laws (Crane Matten, 2016). As there is no codification of ethical standards, so dilemmas and disagreements regarding proper behaviour often take place. Ethics always determines the power of decision-making but some issue are difficult in resolving (Iphofen, 2016). Ethical dilemma arises in a situation that concerns right or wrong and the values remain in conflict. In case of an ethical dilemma, there arises difficulty in clearly identifying the right and the wrong. This is quite clearly the case of ethical dilemma faced by Apple when forced to incorporate a backdoor policy for unlocking the iPhone by the government and the FBI. Most of ethical dilemmas involve conflicts between needs of whole and the part that implies conflict between organization and individual or organization versus the society as a whole (Shapiro Stefkovich, 2016). In this context, the CEO of Apple is in an ethical dilemma to encrypt the privacy of the users under pressure from FBI or the government when the company works hard to ensure the privacy of the users. Ethical decisions lead to a conflict between the two groups. In this regard, the Apples decision of sticking to its ethics and not implement a backdoor for encrypting iPhone has led to a war with the US government. Managers with such strong ethical choices benefits from the normative strategy. The first is based on the norms and the other based on values for guiding the process of decision-making. Normative ethics makes use of several approaches using which Apple can apply in their managerial practice for guiding the process of ethical decision-making. This includes: The Utilitarian Approach put forward by the philosophers of the nineteenth century. According to this approach, the decision maker considers the impact of every alternative decision on all the parties that leads to the selection of one that optimizes that satisfies the greatest number of people (Rachels Rachels, 2015). Since the actual computations involves complexities therefore simplifying them considered appropriate. Therefore, the decision taken should only consider people who directly get affected by the decision instead of considering the people effected indirectly. The citation of Utilitarian ethic based on the recent trend amongst the companies for policing the personal habits if the employees with and after work hours since they tend to influence the entire workplace. However, there is argument put forward by some of the companies that monitoring imposed on the internet viewership of the employees for maintaining workplace productivity and ethical climate. The Individualism Approach considers acts to be moral when they are able to promote the best long-term interest of the individuals. In this approach, the self-direction of the individuals is paramount and the external force that restricts the self-direction is limited severely. According to individual calculation, the advantage of long-term decision is determined by its goodness (McPherson, 2013). The action intended for producing greater ratio of bad or good for individuals compared to other alternatives determines the right choice. Everyones persuasion of self-direction leads to betterment since people learn in accommodating with each other based on the interest they possess for a long term. Thus, individualism leads to integrity and honesty since they work best in the end. Cheating and lying for attaining immediate self-interest causes business associates in lying and cheating in turn. Therefore, individualism finally leads to behaviour towards the others that fits the standard of behaviour that people wants towards them. The worth of understanding the approach lays in recognizing short-term variations if at all they are proposed. Although people might put forward arguments for the short term, self-interest based on individualism helps in missing the point as individualism is misinterpreted easily for supporting the immediate self-attainment. This is quite unpopular in group oriented and highly organized societies of the present day. On the other hand, the Moral Rights Approach puts forward that human beings possess the liberties and fundamental rights that is not possible to be taken away by the decision of any individual. Therefore, a decision is meant to be ethically correct that helps in maintaining the rights of the people impacted by it (Shaw Barry, 2015). Thus there are six moral rights that needs consideration while the process of decision making. The first represents the right for free consent where treatment of individuals takes place with their consent. The second shows right to privacy where individuals have the choice of doing things away from their work life and thereby have necessary control over the information of their private life. The third represents the right of freedom of conscience where individuals refrain from carrying any order that leads to the violation of their religious or moral norms. The fourth represents the right for free speech where individuals possess the power of truthfully criticizing the legality or ethics relating to others actions. The fifth represents the right to the due process where individual possess the right for a fair treatment and impartial hearing. The sixth represents the right to life and safety where individuals possess the right of living without any violation or endangerment of safety and health. Thus, for making ethical decision it is necessary for the managers to avoid interference with fundamental rights of the others. The right of free speech would helps in supporting the whistle blowers who is responsible for taking inappropriate or illegal actions within the company. The Justice Approach represents those decisions taken morally and based on impartiality, fairness and equity. Three types of Justice exist for the managers to be concerned about. This includes compensatory justice, procedural justice and distributive justice. Distributive justice ensures difference in treatment of the people should not depend on the arbitrary characteristics (Crawshaw, Cropanzano, Bell Nadisic, 2013). Hence, individuals possessing similarities in respect to a particular decision should have similar treatments. Therefore, women and men should receive same salaries if both perform well in the similar job. However, people who differ in a substantial manner in terms of responsibilities or job skills should have different treatment in accordance with the difference in responsibilities or skills amongst them. This difference must possess clear relationship with the organizational tasks and goals. Procedural justice refers to fair administration of rules. Therefore, statem ent of rules should be clear and impartial before being consistently enforced. Compensatory justice puts forward that individuals should receive compensation for their injuries by responsible parties. Further, individuals should not hold responsibility for matters that are without their control. Justice Approach is closer to the thinking that underlines the domain of codified law and it assumes that justice is only applicable through regulations and rules. According to this approach managers defines attributes based on which different treatment for employees are acceptable. This approach helps in justifying the efforts of ethical behaviour in correcting past wrong doings and playing fair under the rules. Thus, most laws guiding the human resource management depends on justice approach. Ethical leaders have remarkable impact on the behaviour of the people in an organization and their achievement. Effective leaders help in focusing and exemplifying to the people that they exist whenever they are required (Brown Trevio, 2014). Once the leaders of the company is on board there arises the necessity of instilling such commitment towards the organization. This might seem to be quite a daunting task at the beginning. Employees also behave in an ethical fashion when informed about required ethical behaviour. This is described in an unambiguous manner that is modelled in a consistent manner at each level of the organization. Thus, ethical leadership refers to the act of consistently acting in a way that helps in earning the trust from the team and helps in empowering the employees in doing their best. Ethical behaviour of leaders also helps in building a community that values encouragement, support and fairness that also helps in winning the trust of the clients. Therefore, the consistent commitment to ethics is not an easy task. However, leaders must adopt some practical ways of integrating their ethical conduct into their management styles and organizations. Conclusion The report ends by throwing a light on the ethical dilemma of Apple, concepts of managerial ethics and their influence on the managerial practices of Apple. The discussion now proceeds with how the leaders can ensure ethical decisions in Apple. This is only possible if the leaders adhered to the higher ethical standards and consistently undertakes decisions that treat everyone with authenticity and respect. Apple must speak out honestly regarding its difficult ethical choices made. The leaders should also be able to openly discuss about the ethically grey areas and acknowledge about the complexity of the work life. The company should follow one on one meetings and an open door policy that will help in valuing the suggestions of the employees. This will also help in building if trust and help in cultivating a respectable ambience where people can talk about ethics. In addition, the leaders of the organization should establish a formal value or ethics statement. Further, the leaders sh ould encourage recognition and ensure rewards for ethical behaviour. Lastly, the leaders of the company should speak about ethics as an ongoing journey of learning. References: Bay, M. (2017). The ethics of unbreakable encryption: Rawlsian privacy and the San Bernardino iPhone.First Monday,22(2). doi.org/10.5210/fm.v22i2.7006 Brown, M. E., Trevio, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership.Journal of Business Ethics,122(4), 587-598. doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1769-0 Christen, M., Van Schaik, C., Fischer, J., Huppenbauer, M., Tanner, C. (2016).Empirically Informed Ethics: Morality Between Facts and Norms. Springer. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Crawshaw, J. R., Cropanzano, R., Bell, C. M., Nadisic, T. (2013). Organizational justice: New insights from behavioural ethics.Human relations,66(7), 885-904. doi/abs/10.1177/0018726713485609 Cushman, F., Sheketoff, R., Wharton, S. Carey, S., (2013). The development of intent-based moral judgment.Cognition,127(1), pp.6-21. doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.11.008 Egan, G. (2013).The skilled helper: A problem-management and opportunity-development approach to helping. Cengage Learning. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Greenbaum, R. L., Quade, M. J., Bonner, J. (2015). Why do leaders practice amoral management? A conceptual investigation of the impediments to ethical leadership.Organizational Psychology Review,5(1), 26-49. doi/abs/10.1177/2041386614533587 Hoffman, W. M., Frederick, R. E., Schwartz, M. S. (Eds.). (2014).Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Iphofen, R. (2016).Ethical decision making in social research: A practical guide. Springer. Kane, Y. I. (2015).Haunted Empire: Apple After Steve Jobs. Harper Business. Lee, D. (2016).Apple v the FBI - in plain English.BBC News. Retrieved 18 January 2018, from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35601035 McPherson, D. (2013). Vocational virtue ethics: Prospects for a virtue ethic approach to business.Journal of business ethics,116(2), 283-296. doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1463-7 Moore, G. (2013). Re-imagining the morality of management: A modern virtue ethics approach. InThe heart of the good institution(pp. 7-34). Springer, Dordrecht. Mylan Traylor, J. (2017). Shedding Light On The" Going Dark" Problem And The Encryption Debate.University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform,50(2). Nagourey, A., Lovett, I., Perezpena, R. (2015).San Bernardino Shooting Kills at Least 14; Two Suspects Are Dead.Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2 January 2018, from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/03/us/san-bernardino-shooting.html Peregrina, J. (2016). The Backdoor to the Digital Realm. Rachels, J., Rachels, S. (2015). The utilitarian approach.The elements of moral philosophy. 8th ed. Boston: McGraw Hill Education. Schwartz, M. S. (2016). Ethical decision-making theory: An integrated approach.Journal of Business Ethics,139(4), 755-776. Shapiro, J. P., Stefkovich, J. A. (2016).Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Shaw, W. 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Review Of Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essays

Review of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Review of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland, near Hillsborough. He doesn't know for sure of his age, he has seen no proof and his master will not inform him. Most masters prefer for their slaves to stay ignorant. He believes that he was around twenty-seven and twenty-eight when he began writing his narrative - he overheard his master say he was about seventeen years of age during 1835. His mother, Harriet Bailey, was separated from him when he was an infant and she died when he was seven years old. Frederick's father was a white man who could have been his master but he never found out. Education was of utmost importance in his life. He received his first lesson while living with Mr. and Mrs. Auld. Sophia Auld, Frederick's "mistress", was very humane to him and spent time teaching him the A, B, C's. After he mastered this, she assisted him in spelling three and four letter words. At this point in his lesson Mr. Auld encountered what his wife was doing for Frederick and forbid her to continue. He believed that "if you give a nigger an inch, he will take an ell" and continuing with "learning would spoil the best nigger in the world". The masters felt that an ignorant slave formed a choice slave and any beneficial learning would damage the slave and therefore be futile to his master. His next step on the road to success was during his seven years living with Master Hugh's family. Frederick would make friends with as many white boys as he possibly could on the street. His new friends would be transformed into teachers. When he could, Frederick carried bread on him as a means of trade to the famished kids for knowledge. He would also carry a book anytime he had an errand to run. The errand would be completed quickly, allowing extra study time. When Frederick was working in Durgin and Bailey's ship-yard he would notice timber marked with various letters. He soon discovered how the letters matched the type of wood and the names of these letters. Any boy he met that could write he would challenge them to a writing contest. Frederick would use the letters he recently learned and told the child to challenge that. He then copied the Italics in Webster's Spelling Book until he knew them well. All this hard work and years of practice gave Frederick the knowledge to write. After his relocation to Mr. Freeland, who was the owner of two slaves, Frederick devoted his Sundays teaching these two and other slaves how to read. Frederick heard the word abolitionists a few times but it wasn't for a while until he found out what it meant. If a slave succeeded in escaping from his Master or performing a radical action such as burning a barn or killing his Master, it was considered to be a form of abolition. One day while running an errand, Frederick ran into two Irishmen hard at work. Frederick assisted the Irishmen and soon after they asked if he was a slave. The men then advised Frederick to run away to the north to find friends and freedom. Ever since this encounter he has dreamed of the day he could safely escape. An attempt to carry out his dreams surfaced during his stay with Master Thomas. He did not attempt to escape, however he regrets not doing so since the chances of succeeding are ten times greater from the city than from the country. Anthony, one of Frederick's two masters, was not a humane slaveholder. Frederick was awakened habitually by the sounds of his own aunt being whipped repeatedly because she was caught away for the evening with a man. Slaves, when unhappy, sing songs to help drown their sorrow. Frederick would often sing for this purpose, and not to express his happiness as some slaves also do. The men and women slaves received eight pounds of pork or fish and one bushel of corn meal monthly. On a yearly basis, they received very little along the lines of clothing.